SQLite 是遵循一套獨特的稱為語法的規(guī)則和準(zhǔn)則。本教程列出了所有基本的 SQLite 語法,向您提供了一個 SQLite 快速入門。
有個重要的點值得注意,SQLite 是不區(qū)分大小寫的,但也有一些命令是大小寫敏感的,比如 GLOB 和 glob 在 SQLite 的語句中有不同的含義。
SQLite 注釋是附加的注釋,可以在 SQLite 代碼中添加注釋以增加其可讀性,他們可以出現(xiàn)在任何空白處,包括在表達(dá)式內(nèi)和其他 SQL 語句的中間,但它們不能嵌套。
SQL 注釋以兩個連續(xù)的 "-" 字符(ASCII 0x2d)開始,并擴(kuò)展至下一個換行符(ASCII 0x0a)或直到輸入結(jié)束,以先到者為準(zhǔn)。
您也可以使用 C 風(fēng)格的注釋,以 "/" 開始,并擴(kuò)展至下一個 "/" 字符對或直到輸入結(jié)束,以先到者為準(zhǔn)。SQLite的注釋可以跨越多行。
sqlite>.help -- This is a single line comment
所有的 SQLite 語句可以以任何關(guān)鍵字開始,如 SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE、ALTER、DROP 等,所有的語句以分號(;)結(jié)束。
ANALYZE;
or
ANALYZE database_name;
or
ANALYZE database_name.table_name;
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_def...;
ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;
ATTACH DATABASE 'DatabaseName' As 'Alias-Name';
BEGIN;
or
BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION;
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;
COMMIT;
CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column_name COLLATE NOCASE );
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column1, column2,...columnN);
CREATE TABLE table_name(
column1 datatype,
column2 datatype,
column3 datatype,
.....
columnN datatype,
PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )
);
CREATE TRIGGER database_name.trigger_name
BEFORE INSERT ON table_name FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
stmt1;
stmt2;
....
END;
CREATE VIEW database_name.view_name AS
SELECT statement....;
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING weblog( access.log );
or
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING fts3( );
COMMIT;
SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION;
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE {CONDITION};
DETACH DATABASE 'Alias-Name';
SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name;
DROP INDEX database_name.index_name;
DROP TABLE database_name.table_name;
DROP INDEX database_name.view_name;
DROP INDEX database_name.trigger_name;
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name EXISTS (SELECT * FROM table_name );
EXPLAIN INSERT statement...;
or
EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT statement...;
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name GLOB { PATTERN };
SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name;
SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING (arithematic function condition);
INSERT INTO table_name( column1, column2....columnN)
VALUES ( value1, value2....valueN);
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE { PATTERN };
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name NOT IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION
ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};
PRAGMA pragma_name;
For example:
PRAGMA page_size;
PRAGMA cache_size = 1024;
PRAGMA table_info(table_name);
RELEASE savepoint_name;
REINDEX collation_name;
REINDEX database_name.index_name;
REINDEX database_name.table_name;
ROLLBACK;
or
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;
SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name;
UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN
[ WHERE CONDITION ];
VACUUM;
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION;