TestNG中的另一個(gè)有趣的功能是參數(shù)化測(cè)試。 在大多數(shù)情況下,您會(huì)遇到業(yè)務(wù)邏輯需要大量測(cè)試的場(chǎng)景。 參數(shù)化測(cè)試允許開發(fā)人員使用不同的值一次又一次地運(yùn)行相同的測(cè)試。
TestNG可以通過兩種不同的方式將參數(shù)直接傳遞給測(cè)試方法:
testng.xml
在本教程中,我們將向您展示如何通過XML @Parameters
或@DataProvider
將參數(shù)傳遞給@Test
方法。
為了方便演示,這里創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名稱為:ParameterTest 的 Maven 工程,其結(jié)構(gòu)如下所示 -
在此示例中,filename
屬性從testng.xml
傳遞,并通過@Parameters
注入到該方法中。
依懶文件:pom.xml
文件代碼如下所示 -
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.yiibai</groupId>
<artifactId>IgnoreTest</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>IgnoreTest</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>6.8.7</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>6.0.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<defaultGoal>compile</defaultGoal>
</build>
</project>
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名稱為:TestParameterXML.java,其代碼如下所示 -
package com.yiibai;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class TestParameterXML {
Connection con;
@Test
@Parameters({ "dbconfig", "poolsize" })
public void createConnection(String dbconfig, int poolsize) {
System.out.println("dbconfig : " + dbconfig);
System.out.println("poolsize : " + poolsize);
Properties prop = new Properties();
InputStream input = null;
try {
// get properties file from project classpath
String path = System.getProperty("user.dir")+"\\"+dbconfig;
System.out.println("path => "+path);
//input = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(path);
//prop.load(input);
prop.load(new FileInputStream(dbconfig));
String drivers = prop.getProperty("jdbc.driver");
String connectionURL = prop.getProperty("jdbc.url");
String username = prop.getProperty("jdbc.username");
String password = prop.getProperty("jdbc.password");
System.out.println("drivers : " + drivers);
System.out.println("connectionURL : " + connectionURL);
System.out.println("username : " + username);
System.out.println("password : " + password);
Class.forName(drivers);
con = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionURL, username, password);
} catch (Exception e) {
//e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (input != null) {
try {
input.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
//e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名稱為:db.properties 的文件, 其代碼如下所示 -
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名稱為:testng.xml 的文件, 其代碼如下所示 -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<suite name="test-parameter">
<test name="example1">
<parameter name="dbconfig" value="db.properties" />
<parameter name="poolsize" value="10" />
<classes>
<class name="com.yiibai.TestParameterXML" />
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
執(zhí)行上面測(cè)試類代碼,得到以下結(jié)果 -
[TestNG] Running:
F:\worksp\testng\ParameterTest\src\main\java\com\yiibai\testng.xml
dbconfig : db.properties
poolsize : 10
path => F:\worksp\testng\ParameterTest\db.properties
drivers : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
connectionURL : jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
username : root
password : 123456
Loading class `com.mysql.jdbc.Driver'. This is deprecated. The new driver class is `com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver'. The driver is automatically registered via the SPI and manual loading of the driver class is generally unnecessary.
Tue May 02 23:11:05 CST 2017 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
===============================================
test-parameter
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================
2.1. 查看一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的@DataProvider
示例,傳遞一個(gè)int
參數(shù)。
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名稱為:TestParameterDataProvider.java 的文件, 其代碼如下所示 -
package com.yiibai;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class TestParameterDataProvider {
@Test(dataProvider = "provideNumbers")
public void test(int number, int expected) {
Assert.assertEquals(number + 10, expected);
}
@DataProvider(name = "provideNumbers")
public Object[][] provideData() {
return new Object[][] { { 10, 20 }, { 100, 110 }, { 200, 210 } };
}
}
執(zhí)行上面測(cè)試類代碼,得到以下結(jié)果 -
[TestNG] Running:
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\testng-eclipse--1925148879\testng-customsuite.xml
PASSED: test(10, 20)
PASSED: test(100, 110)
PASSED: test(200, 210)
===============================================
Default test
Tests run: 3, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================
===============================================
Default suite
Total tests run: 3, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.XMLReporter@1b40d5f0: 13 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.SuiteHTMLReporter@6ea6d14e: 34 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.EmailableReporter2@4563e9ab: 7 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by [FailedReporter passed=0 failed=0 skipped=0]: 0 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.jq.Main@2aaf7cc2: 69 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.JUnitReportReporter@45c8e616: 4 ms
2.2. @DataProvider
支持傳遞一個(gè)對(duì)象參數(shù)。 下面的例子顯示了如何傳遞一個(gè)Map對(duì)象作為參數(shù)。
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名稱為:TestParameterDataProvider2.java 的文件, 其代碼如下所示 -
package com.yiibai;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class TestParameterDataProvider2 {
@Test(dataProvider = "dbconfig")
public void testConnection(Map<String, String> map) {
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
System.out.println("[Key] : " + entry.getKey() + " [Value] : " + entry.getValue());
}
}
@DataProvider(name = "dbconfig")
public Object[][] provideDbConfig() {
Map<String, String> map = readDbConfig();
return new Object[][] { { map } };
}
public Map<String, String> readDbConfig() {
Properties prop = new Properties();
InputStream input = null;
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
try {
input = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
prop.load(input);
map.put("jdbc.driver", prop.getProperty("jdbc.driver"));
map.put("jdbc.url", prop.getProperty("jdbc.url"));
map.put("jdbc.username", prop.getProperty("jdbc.username"));
map.put("jdbc.password", prop.getProperty("jdbc.password"));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (input != null) {
try {
input.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return map;
}
}
執(zhí)行上面測(cè)試類代碼,得到以下結(jié)果 -
[TestNG] Running:
F:\worksp\testng\ParameterTest\src\main\java\com\yiibai\testng.xml
dbconfig : db.properties
poolsize : 10
path => F:\worksp\testng\ParameterTest\db.properties
drivers : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
connectionURL : jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
username : root
password : 123456
Loading class `com.mysql.jdbc.Driver'. This is deprecated. The new driver class is `com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver'. The driver is automatically registered via the SPI and manual loading of the driver class is generally unnecessary.
Tue May 02 23:15:52 CST 2017 WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification.
===============================================
test-parameter
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================
此示例顯示如何根據(jù)測(cè)試方法名稱傳遞不同的參數(shù)。
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名稱為:TestParameterDataProvider3.java 的文件, 其代碼如下所示 -
package com.yiibai;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class TestParameterDataProvider3 {
@Test(dataProvider = "dataProvider")
public void test1(int number, int expected) {
Assert.assertEquals(number, expected);
}
@Test(dataProvider = "dataProvider")
public void test2(String email, String expected) {
Assert.assertEquals(email, expected);
}
@DataProvider(name = "dataProvider")
public Object[][] provideData(Method method) {
Object[][] result = null;
if (method.getName().equals("test1")) {
result = new Object[][] {
{ 1, 1 }, { 200, 200 }
};
} else if (method.getName().equals("test2")) {
result = new Object[][] {
{ "test@gmail.com", "test@gmail.com" },
{ "test@yahoo.com", "test@yahoo.com" }
};
}
return result;
}
}
執(zhí)行上面測(cè)試類代碼,得到以下結(jié)果 -
[TestNG] Running:
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\testng-eclipse-817554174\testng-customsuite.xml
PASSED: test1(1, 1)
PASSED: test1(200, 200)
PASSED: test2("test@gmail.com", "test@gmail.com")
PASSED: test2("test@yahoo.com", "test@yahoo.com")
===============================================
Default test
Tests run: 4, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================
===============================================
Default suite
Total tests run: 4, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.XMLReporter@1b40d5f0: 17 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.SuiteHTMLReporter@6ea6d14e: 51 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.EmailableReporter2@4563e9ab: 9 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by [FailedReporter passed=0 failed=0 skipped=0]: 0 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.jq.Main@2aaf7cc2: 93 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.JUnitReportReporter@45c8e616: 5 ms
在TestNG中,我們可以使用org.testng.ITestContext
來(lái)確定調(diào)用當(dāng)前測(cè)試方法的運(yùn)行時(shí)參數(shù)。 在最后一個(gè)例子中,我們將演示如何根據(jù)包含的分組名稱傳遞參數(shù)。
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名稱為:TestParameterDataProvider4.java 的文件, 其代碼如下所示 -
package com.yiibai;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.ITestContext;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class TestParameterDataProvider4 {
@Test(dataProvider = "dataProvider", groups = {"groupA"})
public void test1(int number) {
Assert.assertEquals(number, 1);
}
@Test(dataProvider = "dataProvider", groups = "groupB")
public void test2(int number) {
Assert.assertEquals(number, 2);
}
@DataProvider(name = "dataProvider")
public Object[][] provideData(ITestContext context) {
Object[][] result = null;
//get test name
//System.out.println(context.getName());
for (String group : context.getIncludedGroups()) {
System.out.println("group : " + group);
if ("groupA".equals(group)) {
result = new Object[][] { { 1 } };
break;
}
}
if (result == null) {
result = new Object[][] { { 2 } };
}
return result;
}
}
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名稱為:testng4.xml 的文件, 其代碼如下所示 -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<suite name="test-parameter">
<test name="example1">
<groups>
<run>
<include name="groupA" />
</run>
</groups>
<classes>
<class name="com.yiibai.TestParameterDataProvider4" />
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
執(zhí)行上面測(cè)試類代碼,得到以下結(jié)果 -
[TestNG] Running:
F:\worksp\testng\ParameterTest\src\main\java\com\yiibai\testng4.xml
group : groupA
===============================================
test-parameter
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================