工廠模式是Java中最常用的設(shè)計模式之一。 這種類型的設(shè)計模式屬于創(chuàng)建模式,因為此模式提供了創(chuàng)建對象的最佳方法之一。
在工廠模式中,我們沒有創(chuàng)建邏輯暴露給客戶端創(chuàng)建對象,并使用一個通用的接口引用新創(chuàng)建的對象。
我們將創(chuàng)建一個Shape接口和實現(xiàn)Shape接口的具體類。 一個工廠類ShapeFactory會在下一步中定義。
FactoryPatternDemo這是一個演示類,將使用ShapeFactory來獲取一個Shape對象。 它會將信息(CIRCLE/RECTANGLE/SQUARE)傳遞給ShapeFactory以獲取所需的對象類型。
實現(xiàn)工廠模式的結(jié)構(gòu)如下圖所示 -
創(chuàng)建一個接口-
Shape.java
public interface Shape { void draw(); }
創(chuàng)建實現(xiàn)相同接口的具體類。如下所示幾個類 -
Rectangle.java
public class Rectangle implements Shape { @Override public void draw() { System.out.println("Inside Rectangle::draw() method."); } }
Square.java
public class Square implements Shape { @Override public void draw() { System.out.println("Inside Square::draw() method."); } }
Circle.java
public class Circle implements Shape { @Override public void draw() { System.out.println("Inside Circle::draw() method."); } }
創(chuàng)建工廠根據(jù)給定的信息生成具體類的對象。
ShapeFactory.java
public class ShapeFactory { //use getShape method to get object of type shape public Shape getShape(String shapeType){ if(shapeType == null){ return null; } if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("CIRCLE")){ return new Circle(); } else if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("RECTANGLE")){ return new Rectangle(); } else if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("SQUARE")){ return new Square(); } return null; } }
使用工廠通過傳遞類型等信息來獲取具體類的對象。
FactoryPatternDemo.java
public class FactoryPatternDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ShapeFactory shapeFactory = new ShapeFactory(); //get an object of Circle and call its draw method. Shape shape1 = shapeFactory.getShape("CIRCLE"); //call draw method of Circle shape1.draw(); //get an object of Rectangle and call its draw method. Shape shape2 = shapeFactory.getShape("RECTANGLE"); //call draw method of Rectangle shape2.draw(); //get an object of Square and call its draw method. Shape shape3 = shapeFactory.getShape("SQUARE"); //call draw method of circle shape3.draw(); } }
驗證輸出結(jié)果如下-
Inside Circle::draw() method. Inside Rectangle::draw() method. Inside Square::draw() method.